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1 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 12-bit rail-to-rail micropower dacs in so-8 daisy-chained control outputs d in clk cs/ld d out d in clk cs/ld d out m p 0.1 m f control output 1 control output 2 v cc v cc v out v out gnd gnd ltc1451 ltc1451 v ref v ref to next dac 0.1 m f 5v 1451/2/3 ta01 differential nonlinearity vs input code code 0 dnl error (lsb) 0.5 0.0 0.5 1024 2048 2560 1451/2/3 ta02 512 1536 3072 3584 4095 n digital calibration n industrial process control n automatic test equipment n cellular telephones , ltc and lt are registered trademarks of linear technology corporation. n 12-bit resolution n buffered true rail-to-rail voltage output n 3v operation (ltc1453), i cc : 250 m a typ n 5v operation (ltc1451), i cc : 400 m a typ n 3v to 5v operation (ltc1452), i cc : 225 m a typ n built-in reference: 2.048v (ltc1451) 1.220v (ltc1453) n multiplying version (ltc1452) n power-on reset n so-8 package n 3-wire cascadable serial interface n maximum dnl error: 0.5lsb n schmitt trigger on clock input allows direct optocoupler interface the ltc ? 1451/ltc1452/ltc1453 are complete single supply, rail-to-rail voltage output 12-bit digital-to-analog converters (dacs) in an so-8 package. they include an output buffer amplifier and an easy-to-use 3-wire cascadable serial interface. the ltc1451 has an onboard reference of 2.048v and a full-scale output of 4.095v. it operates from a single 4.5v to 5.5v supply. the ltc1452 is a multiplying dac with a full-scale output of twice the reference input voltage. it operates from a single supply of 2.7v to 5.5v. the ltc1453 has an onboard 1.22v reference and a full- scale output of 2.5v. it operates from a single supply of 2.7v to 5.5v. the low power supply current makes the ltc1451 family ideal for battery-powered applications. the space saving 8-pin so package and operation with no external compo- nents provide the smallest 12-bit dac system available. features descriptio u applicatio s u typical applicatio u
2 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 electrical characteristics order part number s8 part marking ltc1451cs8 ltc1452cs8 ltc1453cs8 ltc1451is8 ltc1452is8 ltc1453is8 1451 1452 1453 1451i 1452i 1453i ltc1451cn8 ltc1452cn8 LTC1453CN8 ltc1451in8 ltc1452in8 ltc1453in8 consult factory for military grade parts. v cc to gnd .............................................. C 0.5v to 7.5v ttl input voltage .................................... C 0.5v to 7.5v v out , d out .................................... C 0.5v to v cc + 0.5v ref ................................................ C 0.5v to v cc + 0.5v maximum junction temperature ......... C 65 c to 125 c operating temperature range commercial ........................................... 0 c to 70 c industrial ......................................... C 40 c to 85 c storage temperature range ................ C 65 c to 150 c lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec)................. 300 c the l denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v cc = 4.5v to 5.5v (ltc1451), 2.7v to 5.5v (ltc1452/ltc1453), internal or external reference (v ref v cc /2), v out and ref unloaded, unless otherwise noted. t jmax = 125 c, q ja = 100 c/w (n8) t jmax = 125 c, q ja = 150 c/w (s8) 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 top view clk d in cs/ld d out v cc v out ref gnd n8 package 8-lead pdip s8 package 8-lead plastic so (note 1) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units dac resolution l 12 bits dnl differential nonlinearity guaranteed monotonic (note 2) l 0.5 lsb inl integral nonlinearity t a = 25 c 3.5 lsb (note 2) l 4lsb v os offset error t a = 25 c 12 mv l 18 mv v os tc offset error temperature 15 m v/ c coefficient v fs full-scale voltage when using internal reference, ltc1451, t a = 25 c 4.065 4.095 4.125 v ltc1451 l 4.045 4.095 4.145 v external 2.048v reference, v cc = 5v, ltc1452 l 4.075 4.095 4.115 v when using internal reference, ltc1453, t a = 25 c 2.470 2.500 2.530 v ltc1453 l 2.460 2.500 2.540 v v fs tc full-scale voltage when using internal reference, ltc1451 0.10 lsb/ c temperature coefficient when using external 2.048v reference, ltc1452 0.02 lsb/ c when using internal reference, ltc1453 0.10 lsb/ c absolute axi u rati gs w ww u package/order i for atio uu w
3 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 the l denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v cc = 4.5v to 5.5v (ltc1451), 2.7v to 5.5v (ltc1452/ltc1453), internal or external reference (v ref v cc /2), v out and ref unloaded, unless otherwise noted. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units reference (ltc1451/ltc1453) reference output voltage ltc1451 l 2.008 2.048 2.088 v ltc1453 l 1.195 1.220 1.245 v reference output 0.08 lsb/ c temperature coefficient reference line regulation l 0.7 2lsb/v reference load regulation 0 i out 100 m a, ltc1451 l 0.2 1.5 lsb ltc1453 l 0.6 3 lsb reference input range v ref v cc C 1.5v l v cc /2 v reference input resistance l 81430 k w reference input capacitance 15 pf short-circuit current ref shorted to gnd l 80 ma power supply v cc positive supply voltage for specified performance, ltc1451 l 4.5 5.5 v ltc1452 l 2.7 5.5 v ltc1453 l 2.7 5.5 v i cc supply current 4.5v v cc 5.5v (note 4), ltc1451 l 300 400 620 m a 2.7v v cc 5.5v (note 4), ltc1452 l 120 225 350 m a 2.7v v cc 5.5v (note 4), ltc1453 l 150 250 500 m a op amp dc performance short-circuit current low v out shorted to gnd l 100 ma short-circuit current high v out shorted to v cc l 120 ma output impedance to gnd input code = 0 l 40 120 w ac performance voltage output slew rate (note 3) l 0.4 1.0 v/ m s voltage output settling time (notes 3, 4) to 0.5lsb 14 m s digital feedthrough 0.3 nv ? s ac feedthrough ref = 1khz, 2v p-p , ltc1452 C 95 db sinad signal-to-noise + distortion ref = 1khz, 2v p-p , (code: all 1s) ltc1452 85 db electrical characteristics
4 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 the l denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v cc = 5v (ltc1451ltc1452), v cc = 3v (ltc1453). load current (ma) 0.0001 minimum supply voltage (v) 110 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 1451/2/3 g01 0.01 0.001 0.1 100 ? v out < 1lsb temperature ( c) ?5 supply current ( m a) ?5 5 35 65 1451/2/3 g03 95 450 440 430 420 410 400 390 380 370 360 350 125 v cc = 5.5v v cc = 4.5v v cc = 5v load current (ma) 0.0001 minimum supply voltage (v) 110 4.50 4.25 4.00 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 1451/2/3 g02 0.01 0.001 0.1 100 ? v out < 1lsb ltc1451 supply current vs temperature ltc1451 minimum supply voltage vs load current ltc1453 minimum supply voltage vs load current note 3: load is 5k w in parallel with 100pf. note 4: dac switched between all 1s and the code corresponding to v os for the part, i.e., ltc1451: code 18; ltc1453: code 30. note 5: digital inputs at 0v or v cc . note 1: absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which the life of the device may be impaired. note 2: nonlinearity is defined from the first code that is greater than or equal to the maximum offset specification to code 4095 (full scale). ltc1451/ltc1452 ltc1453 symbol parameter conditions min typ max min typ max units digital i/o v ih digital input high voltage l 2.4 2.0 v v il digital input low voltage l 0.8 0.6 v v oh digital output high voltage i out = C 1ma l v cc C 1.0 v cc C 0.7 v v ol digital output low voltage i out = 1ma l 0.4 0.4 v i leak digital input leakage v in = gnd to v cc l 10 10 m a c in digital input capacitance guaranteed by design l 10 10 pf not subject to test switching t 1 d in valid to clk setup l 40 60 ns t 2 d in valid to clk hold l 00 ns t 3 clk high time l 40 60 ns t 4 clk low time l 40 60 ns t 5 cs/ld pulse width l 50 80 ns t 6 lsb clk to cs/ld l 40 60 ns t 7 cs/ld low to clk l 20 30 ns t 8 d out output delay c load = 15pf l 150 220 ns t 9 clk low to cs/ld low l 20 30 ns electrical characteristics typical perfor a ce characteristics uw
5 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 load resistance ( w ) 10 output swing (v) 100 1k 10k 1451/2/3 g05 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 full scale r l tied to gnd zero scale r l tied to v cc v cc = 5v output sink current (ma) output pull-down voltage (mv) 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.0001 0.1 1 10 100 1451/2/3 g06 0.001 0.01 125 c ?5 c 25 c logic input voltage (v) 0 supply current (ma) 1.15 1.05 0.95 0.85 0.75 0.65 0.55 0.45 0.35 4.0 1451/2/3 g04 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 0.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 all digital inputs tied together ltc1451 supply current vs logic input voltage ltc1451 output swing vs load resistance ltc1451 pull-down voltage vs output sink current capability temperature ( c) ?5 offset voltage ( m v) ?5 5 35 65 1451/2/3 g07 95 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 125 code 0 dnl error (lsb) 0.5 0.0 0.5 1024 2048 2560 1451/2/3 ta02 512 1536 3072 3584 4095 ltc1451 differential nonlinearity (dnl) code 0 error (lsb) 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 1024 2048 2560 1451/2/3 g09 512 1536 3072 3584 4095 v cc = 5v internal reference t a = 25 c ltc1451 integral nonlinearity (inl) 0.2lsb/div ltc1452 total harmonic distortion + noise vs frequency ltc1451 broadband output noise frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion + noise (db) ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 100 100 50 10k 100k 1451/2/3 g08 1k v cc = 5v v in = 2v p-p v out = 4v p-p ltc1451 offset voltage vs temperature 5ms/div code = fffh bw = 3hz to 1.4mhz gain = 1000 1451/2/3 g10 typical perfor a ce characteristics uw
6 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 gnd: ground. ref: the output of the internal reference and the input to the dac resistor ladder. an external reference with voltage up to v cc /2 may be used for the ltc1452. v out : the buffered dac output. v cc : the positive supply input. 4.5v v cc 5.5v (ltc1451), 2.7 v cc 5.5v (ltc1452/ltc1453). re- quires a bypass capacitor to ground. clk: the ttl level input for the serial interface clock. d in : the ttl level input for the serial interface data. data on the d in pin is latched into the shift register on the rising edge of the serial clock. cs/ld: the ttl level input for the serial interface enable and load control. when cs/ld is low the clk signal is enabled, so the data can be clocked in. when cs/ld is pulled high, data is loaded from the shift register into the dac register, updating the dac output. d out : the output of the shift register which becomes valid on the rising edge of the serial clock. b11 msb b10 t 1 t 9 b1 t 6 b0 lsb b11 current word t 7 t 2 t 4 t 3 t 8 clk d in d out cs/ld t 5 1451/2/3 td b0 previous word b11 previous word b10 b1 b0 dac register ld + reference ltc1451: 2.048v ltc1453: 1.22v 12-bit shift register power-on reset 11451/2/3 bd clk 1 d in 2 d out 4 v out 7 ref 6 gnd 5 v cc 8 3 cs/ld 12-bit dac uu u pi fu ctio s block diagra w ti i g diagra u ww
7 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 resolution (n): resolution is defined as the number of digital input bits, n. it defines the number of dac output states (2 n ) that divide the full-scale range. the resolution does not imply linearity. full-scale voltage (v fs ): this is the output of the dac when all bits are set to 1. voltage offset error (v os ): normally, dac offset is the voltage at the output when the dac is loaded with all zeros. the dac can have a true negative offset, but because the part is operated from a single supply, the output cannot go below zero. if the offset is negative, the output will remain near 0v resulting in the transfer curve shown in figure 1. the offset of the part is measured at the code that corre- sponds to the maximum offset specification: v os = v out C [(code v fs )/(2 n C 1)] least significant bit (lsb): one lsb is the ideal voltage difference between two successive codes. lsb = (v fs C v os )/(2 n C 1) = (v fs C v os )/4095 nominal lsbs: ltc1451 lsb = 4.095v/4095 = 1mv ltc1452 lsb = v(ref)/4095 ltc1453 lsb = 2.5v/4095 = 0.610mv integral nonlinearity (inl): end-point inl is the maxi- mum deviation from a straight line passing through the end-points of the dac transfer curve. because the part operates from a single supply and the output cannot go below zero, the linearity is measured between full scale and the code corresponding to the maximum offset speci- fication. the inl error at a given input code is calculated as follows: inl = [v out C v os C (v fs C v os )(code/4095)]/lsb v out = the output voltage of the dac measured at the given input code differential nonlinearity (dnl): dnl is the difference between the measured change and the ideal 1lsb change between any two adjacent codes. the dnl error between any two codes is calculated as follows: dnl = ( d v out C lsb)/lsb d v out = the measured voltage difference between two adjacent codes digital feedthrough: the glitch that appears at the analog output caused by ac coupling from the digital inputs when they change state. the area of the glitch is specified in nv sec. dac code 1451/2/3 f01 output voltage negative offset 0v figure 1. effect of negative offset defi itio s uu
8 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 reference the ltc1451 includes an internal 2.048v reference, mak- ing 1lsb equal to 1mv (gain of 2). the ltc1453 has an internal reference of 1.22v with a full scale of 2.5v (gain of 2.05). the internal reference output is turned off when the pin is forced above the reference voltage, allowing an external reference to be connected to the reference pin. the ltc1452 has no internal reference and the ref pin must be driven externally. the buffer gain is 2, so the external reference must be less than v cc /2 and be capable of driving the 8k minimum dac resistor ladder. voltage output the ltc1451 familys rail-to-rail buffered output can source or sink 5ma over the entire operating temperature range while pulling to within 300mv of the positive supply voltage or ground. the output swings to within a few millivolts of either supply rail when unloaded and has an equivalent output resistance of 40 w when driving a load to the rails. the output can drive 1000pf without going into oscillation. serial interface the data on the d in input is loaded into the shift register on the rising edge of the clock. the msb is loaded first. the dac register loads the data from the shift register when cs/ld is pulled high. the clk is disabled internally when cs/ld is high. note: clk must be low before cs/ld is pulled low to avoid an extra internal clock pulse. the buffered output of the 12-bit shift register is available on the d out pin which swings from gnd to v cc . multiple ltc1451/ltc1452/ltc1453s may be daisy- chained together by connecting the d out pin to the d in pin of the next chip, while the clk and cs/ld signals remain common to all chips in the daisy chain. the serial data is clocked to all of the chips, then the cs/ld signal is pulled high to update all of them simultaneously. operatio u
9 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 an isolated 4ma to 20ma process controller has 3.3v minimum loop voltage 11451/2/3 ta04 3k 10k 1k 45k 5k 90k 5k q1 2n3440 r s 10 w v loop 3.3v to 30v i out out in clk d in cs/ld clk d in cs/ld clk d in cs/ld v cc v out 1 m f ltc1453 4n28 opto-isolators 3.3v 500 w lt 1121-3.3 from opto- isolated inputs v ref + lt1077 this circuit shows how to use an ltc1453 to make an opto-isolated digitally controlled 4ma to 20ma process controller. the controller circuitry, including the opto- isolation, is powered by the loop voltage that can have a wide range of 3.3v to 30v. the 1.22v reference output of the ltc1453 is used for the 4ma offset current and v out is used for the digitally controlled 0ma to 16ma current. r s is a sense resistor and the op amp modulates the transistor q1 to provide the 4ma to 20ma current through this resistor. the potentiometers allow for offset and full- scale adjustment. the control circuitry dissipates well under the 4ma budget at zero-scale. note that although these dacs have internal schmitt triggers and are suitable for use with slow rising edges such as produced by the above optoisolator, the use of optoisolators in a daisy-chained topology requires the addition of a gate or the use of a fast isolator on the clock signal. setup and hold times between d out and d in are not guaranteed unless a clock edge with a rise time of less than 100ns is provided. typical applicatio s u
10 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 12-bit 3v to 5v voltage output dac d in clk cs/ld d out m p 0.1 m f output ltc1451: 0v to 4.095v ltc1452: 0v to 2 ?ref ltc1453: 0v to 2.5v ltc1451: 2.048v ltc1452: external ltc1453: 1.22v v cc v out gnd ltc145x v ref to next dac for daisy-chaining ltc1451: 4.5v to 5.5v ltc1452: 2.7v to 5.5v ltc1453: 2.7v to 5.5v 1451/2/3 ta03 digitally programmable current source clk d in cs/ld m p 0.1 m f v cc v out gnd 5v ltc1451 1451/2/3 ta05 + lt1077 v s + 5v to 100v for r l 50 w q1 2n3440 r a 410 w r l i out = ? 0ma to 10ma d in ?4.095 4096 ?r a this circuit shows a digitally programmable current source from an external voltage source using an external op amp, an lt1077 and an npn transistor (2n3440). any digital word from 0 to 4095 is loaded into the ltc1451 and its output correspondingly swings from 0v to 4.095v. in the configuration shown, this voltage will be forced across the resistor r a . if r a is chosen to be 410 w the output current will range from 0ma at zero-scale to 10ma at full-scale. the minimum voltage for v s is determined by the load resistor r l and q1's v cesat voltage. with a load resistor of 50 w , the voltage source can be as low as 5v. typical applicatio s u
11 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 information furnished by linear technology corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed for its use. linear technology corporation makes no represen- tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. n8 package 8-lead pdip (narrow 0.300) (ltc dwg # 05-08-1510) s8 package 8-lead plastic small outline (narrow 0.150) (ltc dwg # 05-08-1610) n8 1098 0.100 (2.54) bsc 0.065 (1.651) typ 0.045 ?0.065 (1.143 ?1.651) 0.130 0.005 (3.302 0.127) 0.020 (0.508) min 0.018 0.003 (0.457 0.076) 0.125 (3.175) min 12 3 4 87 6 5 0.255 0.015* (6.477 0.381) 0.400* (10.160) max 0.009 ?0.015 (0.229 ?0.381) 0.300 ?0.325 (7.620 ?8.255) 0.325 +0.035 0.015 +0.889 0.381 8.255 () *these dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.254mm) 0.016 ?0.050 (0.406 ?1.270) 0.010 ?0.020 (0.254 ?0.508) 45 0 ?8 typ 0.008 ?0.010 (0.203 ?0.254) so8 1298 0.053 ?0.069 (1.346 ?1.752) 0.014 ?0.019 (0.355 ?0.483) typ 0.004 ?0.010 (0.101 ?0.254) 0.050 (1.270) bsc 1 2 3 4 0.150 ?0.157** (3.810 ?3.988) 8 7 6 5 0.189 ?0.197* (4.801 ?5.004) 0.228 ?0.244 (5.791 ?6.197) dimension does not include mold flash. mold flash shall not exceed 0.006" (0.152mm) per side dimension does not include interlead flash. interlead flash shall not exceed 0.010" (0.254mm) per side * ** u package descriptio
12 ltc1451 ltc1452/ltc1453 ? linear technology corporation 1995 145123fa lt/tp 0100 2k rev a ? printed in usa linear technology corporation 1630 mccarthy blvd., milpitas, ca 95035-7487 (408) 432-1900 l fax : (408) 434-0507 l telex : 499-3977 part number description comments ltc1257 5v to 15v single supply, complete 12-bit v out reference can be overdriven up to 12v, i.e., fs max = 12v dac in so-8 package ltc1446/ltc1446l dual 12-bit v out dacs in so-8 5v with 4.096v full-scale output/3v with 2.5v full scale ltc1448 dual 12-bit v out dac in so-8 v cc from 2.7v to 5.5v, output swings to v ref ltc1655/ltc1655l 5v/3v 16-bit v out dac in so-8 pin conpatible with ltc1451/ltc1453 ltc1659 single 12-bit v out dac in msop v cc from 2.7v to 5.5v, output swings to v ref ltc7541 12-bit multiplying parallel i out dac 5v to 16v supply, 12-bit wide interface ltc7543/ltc8143 12-bit multiplying serial i out dac 5v supply, clear pin and serial data output (ltc8143) ltc8043 12-bit multiplying serial i out dac 5v supply, so-8 package related parts a wide swing, bipolar output 12-bit dac clk d in cs/ld m p 0.1 m f v cc v out gnd v ref r1 5k 5v ltc1451 1451/2/3 ta06 + lt1077 5v ?v r2 10k r3 10k r5 20k r4 20k 2 ?d in ?4.095 4096 v out : d in v out 4.094 4.096 2048 4095 ?4.096v this circuit shows how to make a bipolar output 12-bit dac with a wide output swing using an ltc1451 and an lt1077. r1 and r2 resistively divide down the ltc1451 output and an offset is summed in using the ltc1451 onboard 2.048v reference and r3 and r4. r5 ensures that the onboard reference is always sourcing current and never has to sink any current even when v out is at full- scale. the lt1077 output will have a wide bipolar output swing of C 4.096v to 4.094v as shown in the figure above. with this output swing 1lsb = 2mv. typical applicatio n u

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